The great phage escape: activating and escaping lactococcal antiphage systems, including Audmula (PNAS)

A PNAS study isolated 66 phage escape mutants against 13 plasmid-encoded lactococcal antiphage systems and found 15 mutated genes, and proposes that the Audmula system modifies the host cell wall, delaying lysis and release of progeny phages. The authors note the findings benefit the dairy industry and may be useful for biotechnological or biomedical applications.