Phage-antibiotic combinations: what we know, what we don’t, and where the field must go next

Contagion Live article by Amer El-Ghali and Dana Holger reviewing phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) in refractory multidrug-resistant infections: preclinical synergy is consistent and compassionate-use reports show safety and frequent clinical improvement, but these stop short of establishing efficacy. It identifies gaps in dosing, phage susceptibility testing and endpoints, and calls for prospective trials with standardized endpoints, shared phage libraries and validated susceptibility testing.